Ba study material

#TRAGEDIES  Antony and Cleopatra (1607-1608) The story of Mark Antony, Roman military leader and triumvir, who is madly in love with Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Coriolanus (1607-1608) The last of Shakespeare's great political tragedies, chronicling the life of the mighty warrior Caius Marcius Coriolanus. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623). Hamlet (1600-1601) Since its first recorded production, Hamlet has engrossed playgoers, thrilled readers, and challenged actors more so than any other play in the Western canon. No other single work of fiction has produced more commonly used expressions. Earliest known text: Quarto (1603). Julius Caesar (1599-1600) Although there were earlier Elizabethan plays on the subject of Julius Caesar and his turbulent rule, Shakespeare's penetrating study of political life in ancient Rome is the only version to recount the demise of Brutus and the other conspirators. Earliest known text: First Folio (1623)....

  A War poet is a poet who participates in a war and writes about their experiences or non-combatants who writes poems about war. These war poets are also called trench poets. The term war poetry predominantlyrepresents and symbolize the poetry that were written under the direct impact of World War I. It is also called anti-romantic. Earlier also we had war poets, however, after the World War I these kinds of poet and poetry came under the genre called ‘War Poetry‘.Most of the war poets of that time considered themselves as soldiers as well as poets. The poets used to write poetry in their leisure time and express their feelings, emotions, desires, happiness, grief and sorrow through writings.Below are the list of some major war poets;   Rupert Brooke (3 August 1887-23 April 1915)  He was an English poet, and was known for his idealistic war sonnets written during the First World War, especially ‘The Soldier’.    Siegfried Sassoon(8 September 1886 – 1 S...

1. A Fool: Timon of Athens 2. Autolycus: The Winter’s Tale 3. Citizen: Julius Caesar 4. Cloten: Cymbeline 5. Clown: Othello 6. Clown: The Winter’s Tale 7. Costard: Love’s Labour’s Lost 8. Dromio of Ephesus: The Comedy of Errors 9. Dromio of Syracuse: The Comedy of Errors 10. Falstaff: King Henry IV, Part 1&2 11. Feste: Twelfth Night (he is regarded as the wise fool employed by Olivia) 12. Grumio: The Taming of the Shrew 13. Launce: The Two Gentlemen of Verona 14. Louncelot Gobbo: The Merchant of Venice 15. Shylock: The Merchant of Venice 16. Lavache: All’s well that ends well 17. Nick Bottom: Midsummer Night’s Dream 18. Pompey: Measure for Measure (employee of brothel) 19. Puck: Midsummer Night’s Dream 20. Speed: Two Gentlemen of Verona 21. The Fool: King Lear 22. The Gravediggers: Hamlet 23. The Porter: Macbeth 24. Thersites: Troilus and Cressida 25. Touchstone: As You Like It 26. Trinculo: The Tempest

“Locksley Hall”  Written in 1835; Published in 1842 in Poems  The poem represents "young life, its good side, its deficiencies, and its yearnings"  A dramatic monologue written as a set of 97 rhyming couplets. Each line follows a modified version of trochaic octameter in which the last unstressed syllable has been eliminated  The speaker of this dramatic monologue declaims against  marriages made for material gain and worldly prestige.  The speaker, a soldier, revisits Locksley Hall, his childhood home, where he and his cousin Amy had fallen in love. Amy,  however, was a shallow young woman who acceded to her parents’ desires that she marry a wealthier suitor. The speaker  begins the poem by protesting the modern mechanized world but ends by reluctantly accepting the inevitability of change.  In the end, he bids farewell to Locksley Hall, hoping that that a thunderbolt will strike it down.  Important quoteso “Many a night from yonder ivied casement, ere I went to r...

Jayanta Mahapatra (1928 - Present) is one of the most widely known Indian  English poets of the modern period. As a poet he is very sensitive and his poems deal with every kind of emotions and most of his poems centers round  man-woman relationship. One can sense the presence of Orissa in his poem. Mahapatra is the first  Indian English Poet to receive the Sahitya Academy Award in the year 1981. Writing Style: As a poet he is very sensitive and his poems dealt with every kind of  emotions- pain, love, sadness, death, faith and so on. The sense of alienation  which Mahapatra always felt as a child from his mother can also be reflected  in his works. Poetry is an expression of one’s emotions and feelings and Mahapatra used it  as a tool to express himself. His concern to bring a change in the society can  be seen in his poems such as ‘Hunger’ which shows how poverty detaches  one of any humanly feelings; ‘Dawn at Puri’ which shows the hypocrisy...

Sir Thomas More (1478-1535) was an English philosopher, lawyer, and statesman, often referred to as the English Socrates. He was influenced by the humanist movement of the period, particularly figures like Erasmus and Colet.  One of More's most famous works is "Utopia," a description of an imaginary ideal world. It is seen as the true prologue to the Renaissance and is considered the first monument of modern socialism. The word "Utopia" itself means "the kingdom of nowhere," reflecting the idea that it is an ideal that cannot be achieved in reality. Originally written in Latin in 1516, it was later translated into English by Ralph Robinson in 1551. More's other notable English prose works include "The Lyfe of John Picus" and "The Historie of Richard III." The latter is an unfinished historical work, but is considered the best example of humanist historiography in England and the first in the English language. Sir Thomas More is ...

Liberal Feminism Liberal Feminism has mottos like" there can be no free men until there are free women"," A man of equality is not threatened by a woman for equality" that's why it shared with Liberalism these ideas: Human equality. Human rationality. Importance of individual rights. Radical Feminism  Radical Feminism appeared as a direct reaction to liberal Feminism. Multiple radical feminisms came to life and all share a critique of Liberalist Feminism for accepting the status quo socially and economically. In accordance to that, we have radical feminisms like: Socialist Feminism:  It argues that patriarchy and capitalism are linked; both are exploiting the female gender. Lesbian Feminism:  It criticizes the society's definition of heterosexuality as normal and all other sexualities as deviant Anti-pornography Feminism:  It argues that pornography fosters violence against women. Whereas, Liberal Feminism emphasizes the 1st amendment of free speech rights. ...

1) Introduction:  "Ozymandias" is a sonnet written by Percy Bysshe Shelley and was first published in 1818. The poem explores the fleeting nature of power and serves as a critique of the inevitable decline of even the most powerful rulers and civilizations. 2) Summary:  "Ozymandias" tells the story of a traveler who encounters a vast, shattered statue in the desert. The statue once depicted the mighty Ozymandias, a powerful ruler who believed that he would be remembered forever. However, time and the forces of nature have reduced the statue to ruins. The traveler reflects on the irony of the inscription on the pedestal, which proudly declares, "Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" Despite the grandiosity of Ozymandias' claim, there is nothing left of his empire but sand and decay. 3) Critical Analysis:  "Ozymandias" is a highly regarded poem that highlights several key themes. One of the central themes is the assertion of the impermanen...

Themes and Symbols in "The Vendor of Sweets" "The Vendor of Sweets" is a novel by R.K. Narayan that explores the complexities of family relationships, generational differences, and the impact of societal changes in post-independence India. Through the story of Jagan, a sweet vendor, and his son Mali, Narayan delves into the themes of communication, tradition versus modernity, materialism, religion, and national identity. The novel also employs various symbols to underscore these themes and provide a deeper understanding of the characters' motivations and struggles. The Breakdown of Communication One of the central themes in "The Vendor of Sweets" is the breakdown of communication within the family, particularly between Jagan and Mali. Jagan's fear of confrontation and emotional vulnerability prevents him from having honest and open conversations with his son. Instead, he relies on his cousin as an intermediary, seeking information about Mali's ...

Marinism or Secentismo       $ A 17th century literary movement.     $ This movement was popularized by the Italian poet Giambattista Marino.     $ It was a reaction against classicism , marked by extravagant Metaphors, hyperbole, fantastic word play and original myths, all written with great sonority and sensuality and with the aim to startle.