Ba study material

International Fallacy -  the importance of author 's intention for the creation of a work of art . The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson (1941) Philosophic Words:  A study of style and meaning in the Rambler. Focused areas - Impressionism, subjectivism, relativism Kenyan Review( Hateful Contraries: Studies in Literature and Criticism (1965) Works The Verbal Icon:  Studies in the meaning of Poetry (1954) Literary Criticism:  A short History (1957)  Elucidation/ Criticism Paul de man criticises Wimsatt in his Blindness and Insights.   Terms Concrete Universal The domain of Criticism ( defends the domain of poetry from the art of general aesthetician    William Wimsatt/ Munroe C Beardsley International Fallacy ( author's intention) conceptual model Affective Fallacy (the reader's intention) mental model   Verbal Icon:  Studies in the meaning poetry(1954) A- Intentional Fallacy Is a mistake that people do when they derive meaning out of some wo...

1)David Copperfield → Charles Dickens 2)Hamlet → William Shakespeare 3)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner → Samuel Taylor Coleridge 4) Das Capital → Karl Mark 5) Animal Farm → George Orwell  6)Dialogues → Plato 7) Tempest → William Shakespeare 8)Main Kemp → Ad loaf Hitler 9) Mother → Maxim Gorky 10)As You Like it → William Shakespeare 11)Paradise Lost → John Milton 12) The Tale of Two Cities → Charles Dickens 13)The Merchant of Venice → William Shakespeare 14)Pride and Prejudice → Jane Austen 15)All’s Well that Ends Well → William Shakespeare 16)Anna Karenina → Leo Tolstoy 17)Origin of Species → Charles Darwin 18)Discovery of India → Jawahar Lal Nehru 19)Asian Drama → Gunner Myrdal 20)The Old Man and The Sea → Earnest Hemingway 21)Julius Caesar → William Shakespeare 22) Man and Superman → George Bernard Shaw 23)War and Peace → Leo Tolstoy 24)Gulliver’s Travels → Jonathan Swift 25)Heaven and Earth → Lord Byron 26)Blue Bird → Lord Alfred Tennyson 27)Othello → William Shakespeare 28) Ind...

Thomash Love Peacock The four ages of Poetry (1820) Published in the journal 'Literary Miscellany ' In this essay, he wrote about the gradual origin and development of poetry in four ages: age of Iron; Age of Gold; Age of Silver; Age of Brass . Poetry originated in the Iron age. The Golden age was the age of the noblest poetic productions. In the silver age (artificial) the poems imitate the Golden age. The Brass age was the age of poetic decay and decline. The current brass era was marked, according to Peacock, by poems of " Verbose and minutely -detailed description of thoughts, passions, actions, persons, and things." Peacock in this essay defined the poet as 'a semi- barbarian in a civilised community '. # Essays The four ages of Poetry (1820) Recollections of childhood: The Abbey House(1837) Memoirs of Shelley (1858-62) The Last Day of Windsor Forest (1887) # Novels Headlong Hall (1815) Melincourt(1817) Nightmare Abbey (1818) Maid Marian (1822) The Misfor...

Age of Chaucer (1343-1400)   - Geoffrey Chaucer, born around 1343, is often regarded as the “Father of English Literature” and a key figure in the Middle English period.   - The Age of Chaucer spans the 14th century, marked by significant historical, social, and cultural changes. Historical Context:   - The 14th century witnessed the aftermath of the Black Death, causing demographic shifts and social upheavals.   - Political instability, including the Hundred Years’ War between England and France, influenced the collective psyche of the time. Chaucer’s Life:   - Geoffrey Chaucer’s life was embedded in the courtly and bureaucratic circles. He served in various capacities, including a diplomat and customs official.   - His exposure to diverse social classes and experiences is reflected in his literary works. Literary Contributions :   - Chaucer’s most famous work, “The Canterbury Tales,” is a collection of stories told by pilgrims on a journey. It provid...

About  Buchi Emecheta  : Buchi Emecheta was a Nigerian novelist who wrote about the experiences of women in post-colonial Africa. She was born on July 21, 1944, in Lagos, Nigeria, and passed away on January 25, 2017, in London, UK. Emecheta's works often explore themes of gender, identity, race, and culture, and are known for their vivid portrayal of Nigerian and African life. Some of Buchi Emecheta's most notable works include: "The Joys of Motherhood" (1979):  This novel follows the life of Nnu Ego, a Nigerian woman who struggles to find her place in a rapidly changing society. The book explores the challenges faced by women in a patriarchal culture, and the pressures of motherhood and marriage. "Second-Class Citizen" (1974):  This semi-autobiographical novel tells the story of Adah, a Nigerian woman who moves to London with her husband and struggles to find her voice in a foreign culture. The book addresses issues of racism, sexism, and immigration, and i...

  The Vedas:  The oldest texts in Sanskrit, consisting of religious hymns, rituals, and philosophical teachings. The Rigveda is the most ancient of the four Vedas.   Mahabharata:  An epic narrative attributed to sage Vyasa, the Mahabharata is a complex and sprawling epic that explores the conflicts between two families, the Pandavas and the Kauravas. It contains the Bhagavad Gita, a philosophical discourse on duty and righteousness.   Ramayana:  Another epic attributed to sage Valmiki, the Ramayana tells the story of Prince Rama's quest to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana. It highlights moral and ethical values and is revered as a sacred text in Hinduism. Puranas:  A collection of ancient Hindu texts that contain narratives about gods, goddesses, and various legends. The eighteen major Puranas include the Vishnu Purana, Shiva Purana, and Devi Bhagavata Purana.   Arthashastra:  Written by Chanakya (also known as Kautilya or Vish...

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) Simone de Beauvoir denies that gender differences are based on biology, insisting that "one is not born, but becomes a woman". In her work The second Sex, Simone gives a detailedanalysis of women's oppression and a foundational track of contemporary feminism. Written in 1949, its English translation was published in 1953. It sets out a feminist existentialism which prescribes a moral revolution. Moreover, the author argues that women have been historically considered deviant and abnormal and contends that even Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797) considered men to be the ideal toward which women should aspire. Betty Friendan (1921-2006) Betty Friendan identified ways in which traditional feminine gender roles stifle women's development and emphasized sexism as inherently dehumanizing. In 1963, she wrote The Feminine Mystique criticizing the idea that women could only find fulfillment through child bearing and home-making. She hypothesizes tha...